Ma in Management †Strategic Analysis Module Essay

SAA 1 – Evaluating the Suitability of EasyJet’s strategy EasyJet’s existing strategy can be characterised as low price/low value added (route 1 on the strategy clock) concentrating on Luton and Liverpool hubs (not the main UK airports) and targeting routes with little direct competition from other airlines (which builds up elements of access and variety based positioning). EasyJet exploited the major environmental change that resulted from the initial liberalisation of the EU airline market. The attractiveness of this â€Å"low cost† strategic group within the market has brought in new competitors (like BA’s GO) so the industry structure is changing. EasyJet’s decision to buy new aircraft and open new routes can be seen as an attempt to pre-emptively protect and build on their current position. The deals with Geneva airport and TEA also allow them to exploit an EU â€Å"open skies† agreement with Switzerland if finalised using the same strategic approach. The strategy is largely expanding upon existing capabilities in operating a low cost airline. Expanding the fleet of aircraft potentially offers cost efficiency advantages in terms of economies of scale and scope across a bigger number of routes. Standardising on new Boeing 737-300s and 737-700s should also help minimise operational costs as well as the purchase economies from the deal (discounts). Other parts of the value chain are also consistent with this low cost approach – headquarters at Luton rather than a more expensive location (although not mentioned in the illustration the HQ is pared down to a minimum to reduce overheads. Aircraft maintenance is also contracted out). As EasyJet is privately owned then the massive increase in gearing implied by the financing of new aircraft is perhaps less unattractive to investors than would be the case if the company was public. Ideally, it would be helpful to have more information on EasyJet’s current value chain and its capabilities to deliver the â€Å"low cost† approach. The big strategic issue to be resolved is the extent to which their current positioning is defensible if they start to expand – with risks from competitor reaction, perhaps from airlines previously unaffected by their strategy and the capabilities of EasyJet to deliver the same strategic approach on five-times the scale. SAA 2 – Evaluating the Acceptability of Easyjet’s strategy The risks of the new strategy are related to the extent of expansion – both strategically in terms of their ability to deliver on a bigger scale (a five-fold expansion of operations) and financially in terms of the impact of long-term gearing (loans from the banks). Their existing capabilities in this type of business (they were one of the first in Europe) and the potential use of equipment trust certificates to re-finance the purchase at a later date might help. There are few details about the potential returns in the illustration, but this seems to be an expanding sector in which EasyJet already has an established position. It seems to make strategic sense in terms of both protecting their existing position and creating the potential to exploit new opportunities (Switzerland) but more information on projected passenger volumes and revenues would help in assessing both returns and risks (e.g. ROCE, NPV, payback and break-even). As a privately owned airline then the number of key stakeholders is at least reduced by not having shareholders, Stelios Haji-Ioannou is the owner and chief executive. However, the banks are going to be particularly interested in the company given their exposure in terms of gearing – though they should be supportive providing the revenue flows increase as planned! Given the leanness of the organisation then the employees are likely to have a strong input. Governments are likely to be supportive of EasyJet’s approach as it encourages competition – though some may have closer ties to â€Å"national flag carriers† who are potential competitors. SAA 3 – Evaluating the Feasibility of EasyJet’s strategy EasyJet has built up experience as a successful â€Å"low cost† airline and the proposed strategy is an extension of existing capabilities. The cultural web of the organisation is also not likely to see major changes and create problems of managing implementation. The question is whether the system can be stretched into a five-fold expansion. The expansion into Switzerland, with the deals with Geneva airport and TEA, including the switch to Boeing 737s, would seem to be strategically sensible given the potential â€Å"open skies† agreement. The alliance, with an option to acquire TEA, should also offer synergies whilst reducing the risks of further stretching the existing EasyJet system. Financing is a major issue for this strategy – the cash flow for the aircraft deposit and long-term bank loans may indicate adequate financial resources, but conclusions depend upon an examination of this part of the deal in terms of impact on the company’s capital structure (gearing) and cash flow projections. Given the banks have leant the money then some judgements can be implied but, in practice, this would be a critical part of the overall strategy evaluation.

Liberty University

I am a police officer and more times than not, I find myself dealing with school ages kids. Usually they range between the ages of 13-18. Most of the time I feel like a counselor because when we deal with juveniles, the juvenile judicial system has tied our hands in what they will incarcerate a juvenile for, so we usually give them a stern talking to and release them back to the custody of their parents. I also work closely with the middle and high school administrators. Sometimes we are in the schools dealing with problems or sometimes we take kids back to school that we find skipping class.This is why I chose to write this discussion board entry on the ethics of school counselors. There are several ethical standards for school counselors, so I will only be touching on a few of them, while comparing them to biblical passages. The first I would like to hit on is the counselor’s responsibilities to their students. They are to treat their students with respect at all time and al ways consider the students future when talking with them. Romans 12:10 states, â€Å"be devoted to one another in brotherly love, but give preference to one another in honor. I think this passage fits perfect here, because when a student goes to a counselor it is usually to talk about a problem they are having or advice on a particular topic. This verse is saying to be devoted to the person as you want the same devotion to you. Another ethical standard for school counselors is confidentiality. The administrators and counselors are not to discuss the student’s issues and school records with anyone unless a informed consent has been agreed on and signed. Proverbs 12:22 states, â€Å"lying lips are an abomination of the lord, but those who act faithfully are his delight. Taking this passage word for word to me basically means that the lord frowns upon the lips that lie and lying is also one of the Ten Commandments that should be remembered when being trusted by another. One of the ethical standards is that counselors and administrators but inform parents and/or legal guardians if a student poses a danger to himself or another. The counselors are never to negate the risk of harm because some students will hide this in order to avoid any type of further scrutiny from other students, teachers or administrators. Corinthians 6:19-20 states, â€Å"do you not know that your body is a temple of the holy spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify in your body. † I don’t think that many of these students who look to harm themselves or harm someone else are thinking past the injury and into the bible and what they are actually doing in the Lord’s eyes. The next ethical standard by which the counselors are held to is professionalism. They are to treat everything that you do in a way that is looked at as professional to society.They are to seek the consent of parents before conduc ting any research into a student or educational records, and treat every research opportunity with professionalism. Psalms 34:22 says, â€Å"The Lord redeems the life of his servants. None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned. † References: The New King James Study Bible, publisher Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 2007 undefined. (1984). American School Counselor Association. In Ethical Standards for School Counselors. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from http://www. mnschoolcounselors. org/EthicalStandards2010. pdf.

An Analysis Of Sainsburys Supermarket

An Analysis Of Sainsburys Supermarket Founded in 1869 by John James Sainsbury along with his wife Mary Ann in London and then gradually grew to become the largest grocery retailer by 1922. Sainsbury’s is the UK’s oldest major food retailer with their first store opened in 1869. It strives to keep up with its trusted heritage of quality with best services. Past: In the early 1990’s Sainsbury’s, market leader so far, lost its position to Tesco and in 2004 it came down to no. three after Tesco and Asda. The downfall involved many reasons including changing managements, lack of innovative strategies, failing to assess the impact of loyalty cards scheme, unhealthy acquisition in Egypt and a misleading marketing strategy which failed to communicate the right message to the consumers. Present: Sainsbury’s started to fight back and be noticed after Justin King took over the management role in early 2004 and came up with a revival strategy under the name of ‘Making Sainsbury’s Grea t Again’. The process involved a no. of mergers and acquisitions of small chains in the south east England and the Midlands. The new message of ‘Try Something New Today’ went really well with the media and the consumer led by the famous celebrity chef Jamie Oliver it encouraged buyers to innovate in their kitchens and make their food interesting. Future: The supermarket industry has reached a saturation point in the UK. How long can Sainsbury’s go on opening up new stores at locations such that its stores do not start to cannibalize each other? Using the Ansoff Growth Matrix two future strategies are suggested for Sainsbury’s: Opening up of Sainsbury’s Travels and Tours – Product Development On the basis of the success potential in the travel business, Sainsbury’s might venture into the Travel and Tours business by way of Product Development as per Ansoff Growth Matrix tool for future strategy selection. Sainsbury’s has a very high probability of success as measured with the help of SWOT analysis and assessing the keys to success and the critical factors. Sainsbury’s China – Market Development Sainsbury’s might opt for the Market development strategy by offering the supermarket business to the land of opportunities China. The move will be mad after the necessary PEST analysis has been done and company’s SWT has been assessed with Chinese perspective. Sainsbury’s – Strategic Corporate Development History: 1990 to 2004 Corporations are required to add value by mans of their business. The goal is to manage and control the businesses for a long term and sustainable success. The corporate level strategy deals with the choice of the business and the growth and development related to it. Sainsbury’s enjoyed the position of the leader in the UK supermarket industry up to the early 1990’s. It had sustained its image of a name trusted with quality and se rvice. British like old names with some history behind them. The company started to lose its grip in the early nineties due to a number of reasons. There was a change in management after the longtime CEO John David Sainsbury retired. He was replaced by David Sainsbury who bought about a change in the management style. Although the times were changing and some of the people in the management thought strongly about launching loyalty card schemes and also favored introduction of non-food items in the stores, both the options were rejected by the fresh management.

Key concepts of calculus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Key concepts of calculus - Essay Example It is basically the instaneous rate of change of f(x) with respect to x. Graphically, this is analogous to the formula for gradient that we studied in earlier classes that is . This is basically the gradient of the tangent line to the curve traced by the function. 5. An absolute maximum value is one which is greater than all other values of f(x) for all values of x. This means there is an absolute maximum at if for all values of x. A local maximum is one which is greatest value of f(x) within a given range of x. This means 6. is basically a summation of products of countless small rectangles which form a shape on a graph. Here, is analogous to the area of a rectangle where. The only difference is that as f(x) is traced along the graph, its height changes. The number n represents the total number of rectangles made and since it approaches infinity, it means that there width grows shorter and shorter and the whole sum effectively gives the area under the curve with minimum shoot over. The main difference between definite and indefinite integral in this context is that the former has a defined domain for which this area is being calculated while the latter has domain equivalent to all real numbers. Definite integral represents area bounded by x axis, the curve and the two vertical lines at limits of domain. Indefinite integral may or may not be bounded from right or left and also, the height of curve is also unknown. So the height of rectangles is also unknown. 7. For the definite integral, bounded below by and above by , of a function, the derivative is the value of function at and the limit is the proof of its continuity. This is true regardless of the value of

Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Project - Research Paper Example Many aspects in life eventually influence one’s career choice, including personality characteristics which was dutifully categorised by Holland (1985). Holland (1985) describes six main orientations of individuals that can be predictive of their career choices. While it is not the aim of this paper to present data on the relationships between categorical personality types and career choices, Holland’s (1985) contribution in building the rationale for this paper is his notion that there exists a freedom of choice. This is not true, however, for all individuals and we are familiar of stories from young adolescents who express their lack of control over their career path. This feeling is best defined through the psychological concept, â€Å"learned helplessness,† discovered by Peterson et al. (1993). Research studies have identified the reported strong influence of parents over teachers in the student’s choice of career (Teru 2000; Kniveton 2004). These studies noted the strong implications of these findings for career guidance counselors to facilitate the decision making process of parents and pupils. As discovered by Kniveton (2004, pp.56-57), â€Å"there was little evidence of consideration of the appropriateness of further/ higher education for career choice.† Thus, here rests the gap where guidance or career counselors can fill in to ensure that a substantial number of pupils leave secondary schools with a better perspective of their career choices. The challenge of providing comprehensive information to pupils may be daunting for guidance counselors. In most cases, schools employ psychological testing and career talks for graduating pupils. â€Å"Career education is increasingly present in the curriculum at the lower secondary school level, either as a separate subject or included in another subject† (OECD, 2004, p.12). The inclusion of this policy by the European Commission emphasises the important role of

Commercial Lease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commercial Lease - Essay Example There are two important aspects of a commercial lease agreement, the standard lease provisions and the business points. The former consists of insurance, condemnation, and events of default while the latter consists of the specified rent and term. The 'Business Points' identifies the various aspects such as the parties of the owner and the tenant, the said building or the said property which is to be leased. Exact details of the property needs to be provided and the building should be exactly identified in which the tenant will rent the space. It is also imperative to accurately describe the floor, location and the square footage of the property. The provisions further mentions the dates of the date of effect and the expiration (term) of the lease and in accordance to this term, the rents can be specified with the optional mention of renewal terms. Additional expenditures which can include operating expenditures and other real estate taxes exercised by different authorities need to be discussed and it needs to be clarified if the total rent includes all such expenditures. Another important service issue is parking. It is normally expected to accompany the specified rented place but might not be the same in every case. Therefore it becomes an important clause in the contract for commercial lease.

What is the connection between fashion and modernityUse examples from Essay

What is the connection between fashion and modernityUse examples from between 1851 and 1939 to support your argument - Essay Example Elizabeth says "Fashion" is a term that crackles up many diverse descriptions, the immense preponderance of which is individual and simplifying. Some of the foundation I comprise here do not yet use the term; Western or eastern frequently choose in place for "costume" or "outfit," and alter their provisos with adjectives such as "cultural," "nationalized," or "customary." Western learning’s of fashion frequently only engage "Haute fashion design," or "soaring fashion," and leave out ordinary working class involvements with clothes; this has started to transfer of late. Over the precedent decade, a lot of feminist theorists have happened to be appearing at womens day-by-day relations with fashion and physical decoration. I support my own examinations with this most current drift in fashion; I describe fashion as a customer action occupied in by any human being who shops for, obtain, and wears outfits. Certainly, there is variety in terminologies and thoughtfulness of fashion co mmotion; and community of changeable racial, class, national, and religious surroundings unquestionably illustrate diverse understandings from their own fashion arrangements. The resources I have accumulated here agree with fashion utilization in a multiplicity of contexts, even though the field is positively conquered by Western world. It is as well significant to remind that most of my own study benefits are centered around modernism as it is created through clothing, technique, and fashion; consequently, much of the substance move towards fashion from a modern and feminist viewpoint. Modernity is a word used to explain the situation of being "Modern". Since the word itself "Modern" is used to explain a broad range of eras, modernity must be taken in background (Lehmann, 2000, Pg 141-142). Modern can signify all of post-medieval European olden times, in the environment of seperating

Noise Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Noise Pollution - Essay Example The management also should let their employees wear protection from noise to avoid hearing defect. Next is, they should have a specific noise peaks hours. Just like in the City of Bloomington, they imposed rules about noise control to take care the health and welfare of citizenry around its city. From parties to all amplified music are going to undergo with the noise control policy. If ever one breaks the policy will be subject to a 50 dollar fine or a charge of disorderly conduct. SITUATION B: Radon gas emits Alpha particles which may cause lung cancer if inhaled by an individual. Several friends of yours are purchasing a new home in an area where you understand that radon gas may be common. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas produced by the radioactive decay of the element radium. It usually enters a house or building through openings in the ground, and its presence increases the risk of lung cancer. I'll advice my friend to conduct a radon test in the place where they will purchase a new home. This procedure will enable them to be much informed the level of abundance of radon in the place. B... If the house tests below 4 pCi/L most experts agree that there is a relatively low probability of significant health risk at this low level of exposure. However, we recommend retesting the radon levels once you move in, to verify this low reading.

Why am I Iinterested in MBA Program of GGSB, and How do I See it Essay

Why am I Iinterested in MBA Program of GGSB, and How do I See it Helping Me to Reach My Future Career Goals - Essay Example As the reporter declares "good education as such, helps in enriching the knowledge and broadening the horizon of an individual. Therefore, after discussing the issue with some of my close associates I came to the conclusion that a Master’s degree in Management from a reputed Institution not only helps in learning the techniques of dealing with adverse circumstances, but it will certainly help me in enhancing my confidence level. The Grenoble Graduate School of Business is one of the prime institutions offering a number of academic programs ranging from undergraduate courses to the doctoral and executive education programs. As of now my future plans hinge very much around a Master’s Degree in Management from Grenoble Graduate School of Business. Well, having observed the functioning of the corporate sector, I find it quite a bit of necessity that one must be qualified and knowledgeable enough on how to manage the issues and the resources. I have realized that in order to find an acceptable and desired solution to an issue, it is of utmost importance that the issue is taken up in an appropriate manner. The Grenoble Graduate School is known to keep a balance between theoretical studies and applied learning. This will certainly provide me an opportunity to have practical hands-on training, constantly focused on the real world. Today we are living in a society where competition is all pervasive."

Bioaccummulution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bioaccummulution - Essay Example One of the foci in the issue of bioaccumulation is the lack of intensive research and accumulated knowledge specifically in terms of the bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals and their long-term effects in humans. One of the main reasons for the said lack of knowledge and efforts for research is the fact that the understanding of the concept is â€Å"superficial† which means humans are detaching themselves to what is happening in the aquatic ecosystem though there is a great probability that the effects of accumulated toxic materials would be more potent for terrestrial organisms. The superficial view on bioaccumulation lessens the impact and the urgency for in depth study. In addition, as explored by the study conducted by Kim and Kim, the concept is at a certain degree lost in translation specifically in non-English speaking nations. This is also related to the issue that the lack of in depth exploration on the subject causes educational institutions to disseminate misconce ptions that can cause escalation of more misconceptions to students as well as the other members of the general population (Kim and Kim, 2013). Gobas, F.A.P.C., Mackintosh, C.E., Webster, M.I., Parkerton, T.F. and Robillard, K. (2003). Bioaccumulation of Phthalate Esters in aquatic food-webs. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 3 (Q): 201-225. Doi:

Little boy crying by Mervin Morris Essay Example for Free

Little boy crying by Mervin Morris Essay Mervin Morris writes Little boy crying making reference to the relationship between a kid and an adult, who in this case is his father. Throughout the poem different feelings and emotions are expressed, not only of the child but also of the man. The little boy turned his recently relaxed face into tight because of that quick slap struck his guilty father gave him. But despite the fact that the kid took his father as a grim giant because of hitting him, this mans intention was not to make him suffer of pain or anything like that; it was just an unwanted but necessary little punishment, perhaps for a prank or misbehaviour. In fact the father felt guilty and full of sorrow. Mervin introduces an allegory of a rather famous story called: Jack and the beanstalk. The child imagined his father as an ogre, who climbed a huge tree. He hates him. He imagined himself chopping clean the tree hes scrambling down or plotting deeper pits to trap him, as it happens in Jack and the beanstalk. The relationship between the three-year-old full of frustration child and the adult seems to be bursting of complications because the kid is quite capricious and the man has to punish him, so that he learns not to do whatever he wants without evaluating the consequences before. But he cannot understand, not yet how his easy tears affect his father who is wishing to curb boys sadness. Even though an ogre can punish you, you know that he loves you and that you have to learn the lessons from him, because you know, very deep inside, that ogre is your father. That last sentence can summaries the moral of the poem. This particular poem uses words to make the reader feel he or she is seeing it, or being part of it: the quick slap struck, this last sentence is composed of monosyllabic words that imitate the sound of the hit. Another example of this trying the reader to feel part of the poem is the use of the you; it is a kind of conversation between the writer and the reader. Other images that facilitate this process are made by the use of words or phrases suggesting movement or sound, like chopping and scrambling down. But in this poem is not all about the kid, and his feelings, the other character has a very important role. He has to pretend being something is not; behind that mask there is a man who suffers the situation more that the kid, but he has to be seen as a strict authority, as any parent must. This poem reflects nothing but the truth of an ordinary relationship between any father and his son during the growing and maturing process of the kid; but it does not end there: in the last paragraph, which is also the last line, there is a nine words long sentence emphasized by being left alone, that carries a moral in it: you must not make a plaything of the rain. This is a metaphor that could be translated as: you must not cry just because (the rain represents the tears).

Kfcs Explosive Growth in China Essay Example for Free

Kfcs Explosive Growth in China Essay Kentucky fried Chicken (KFC) has achieved another milestone in delivery. The explosive growth in Asian region most particularly in their current trends in China that KFC fried chicken, burger and fries is gaining its way to superstardom. In China, Yum! Brands is opening a KFC store every day. But this is not the KFC you know in America. A recent case study written by professor David Bell and Agribusiness Program director Mary Shelman reveals how the chicken giant adapted its famous fast-food formula for the local market. Key concepts include: In China, KFCs strategy was to be part of the local community, not be seen as a foreign presence. (Su, 2011) China division chairman and CEO Sam Su combined the best ideas from the US fast-food model and adapted them to serve the needs of the Chinese consumer. Only a small number of menu items would be familiar to Western visitors—the Chinese KFC offerings include fried dough sticks, egg tarts, and foods tailored to the tastes of specific regions within the country. To counter concerns about fast food and obesity, Su offered a healthier menu and supports exercise and youth events. The traditional strategy is the involvement of their culture has largely influence the family ties to consider their food. According to Bell (2011) one key issue the case examines is how to implement the rollout of a fast-food chain involving so many stores across such a vast—and regionally different—country.† (Stravish, 2011) When their customers walked into their restaurant they see Chinese customer service. Chinese food and Chinese employees welcome customers and that’s why it becomes easy for them to initiate interaction. Sus strategy was that KFC would not be seen as a foreign presence but as part of the local community â€Å"There is no room for ego,† (Su, 2011) China doesnt have the same culture of individualism that is present in the United States. (Su, 2011) Along with being smart, driven and great entrepreneur, Su hired the right people. For Su, this meant employees who read and spoke the language, who understood the restaurant business and Chinese consumer, and also experience on doing business in the Western way. Trained labor is a very valuable asset even in a land of 1.3 billion-plus people. (Stravish, 2011) The large conflicting crowd should have one idea about the taste and preference as much as possible they have outperformed the number one fast food chain, which is McDonald. Sam Su also consider diversification of food items so that they can cater to a wider customer range especially those  people who are healthy conscious about their body, they offer fat free food and vegetables menu to their customers that attract and re-invent even more heterogeneous customer demand. The wide variety of choices can help the customers to make healthy options and balance diet, their strategy also involve presenting their choices. They have also practice sponsorship and promotion about healthy living in 2010 that has become another successful endeavor on their part that various exercises has been promoted inside the stores and customers are free to join, they have gathered at least 260,000 customer participants in 438 key cities. Their promotion has been very successful that makes their store even more popular. (Starvish, 2011) KFC and China has become a Yum Republic. It is certain that globalization not only helps KFC profits, but it’s international, which benefits China and the consumers. Additionally some of their popular food sisters company includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Long John Silver and AW All American Food. I believe globalization happens to be great for the country and the overall market economy because it promotes prosperity to participating countries. All that we need to do is educate people on multiculturalism and diversity within the work place, as well as the sensitivity of culture within participating countries. Opportunity costs, trade terms, balance trades, comparative advantages, changes in consumption and production, and how much cheaper it is to purchase than to produce are some benefits to globalization. The greater interdependence that globalization is causing means an increasingly freer flow of goods, services, money, people, and idea across national borders. (WildWild, 6th ed, pg 6) Su has done a great job on hiring employees that know the language, understand the business and Chinese customers, and also having experience on doing business the Western way. Because of technological changes, continuous development and research, the market economy remains to be dynamic. Reference: Starvish. (2011). KFCs Explosive Growth in China. HBS Cases. Retrieved from http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6704.html WildWild. International business: the challenges of globalization/ John J. Wild, Kenneth L. Wild- 6th ed.

History Of The Millat Tractors Limited

History Of The Millat Tractors Limited This whole report starts with the brief introduction of the Millat Tractors Limited. The introduction consists of company background, products, objectives, mission and vision statement and dealer network. After this the report contain a complete financial analysis of the firm and its comparison with its main competitor i.e. Al-ghazi tractors, these ratios cover all the ratios which include the liquidity, leverage, profitability ratio, activity and other ratios. After this in the end the report contain the literature and article review from different authors and websites. Contents Company Review Introduction The millat tractors limited was established in 1964. At that time the main goal of this company was to introduce and market Massey Ferguson Tractors in Pakistan. In 1967, an assembly plant was set up to assemble tractors in semi-knocked down condition. In 1972 the company was nationalized and started assembling and marketing tractors on the behalf of Pakistan tractor Corporation (PTC), formed by the government of Pakistan to import the tractors in semi-knocked down condition. Later in 1980 the government decided to manufacture the tractor in Pakistan, so they put this responsibility on Pakistan Tractor Corporation (PTC). PTC transferred this role to Millat tractors in 1981. It took only one year for millat tractors limited (MTL) to manufacture their own tractors, by setting up the first engine assembly plant in Pakistan. In 1984, the MTL set up a manufacturing facilities for the machining of intricate components, which were not available in Pakistan. In 1992, MTL was privatized throu gh management buyout (wikipedia). Mission Statement Millat to be market leader in agricultural tractors and machinery, building Companys image through innovation and competitiveness, grow by expanding market and investing into group companies, ensuring satisfaction to customers and stakeholders and to fulfil social obligations (Millat Tractors). Vision Statement Millat to be a global group of companies, recognized for a range of quality products with innovative design capabilities (Millat Tractors). Business Core Values Our customers are our first priority Prosperity of our stakeholders Corporate social responsibilities to enrich the lives of the community where we operate Recognition and reward for the talented and high performing employees Excellence Integrity in dealing (Millat Tractors). Objectives and Strategic Planning Objectives The main objective of the millat tractors in to be a market leader as far as market share and technology is concerned, in the areas of operations. The objective is also to continuously improve the efficiency and competitive strength and to offer the customer the quality products and support services at competitive prices and to their satisfaction. To generate sufficient earnings to ensure a secure future for the company and to protect and increase the shareholders return through continuously improving the performance. Moreover the objective is also to enhance the creativity and job satisfaction of the employees by providing opportunities for the personal development. To play a vital role for the society and environment (Millat Tractors). Strategic planning To make optimum use of ancillary industry in Pakistan to maximize indigenization of tract parts and farm equipment. To create in-house plant facilities for manufacture of components for tractors and other agricultural machinery which cannot be fabricated by the ancillary industry, where investments required are heavy or where technology involved is intricate. MTL will maintain a strong RD Department to provide technical assistance to local manufactures and for product development. Ensure customer satisfaction by providing quality products at competitive prices with warranty coverage and ensuring after sales service (Millat Tractors). Products MTL has a huge variety of products which includes tractors for the farmers that range from 50 HP to 85 HP, to fulfil the needs of the farmers for agriculture purpose. These tractors can be purchased not only against cash but also through bank financing. Besides Tractors MTL also offer industrial products like generators, that range from 15 KVA to 40 KVA, forklift trucks and prime movers, that range from 50 HP to 85 HP. MTL also deals in range of generating sets from 27 kVA to 2000 KVA (Millat Tractors). Other than above mentioned products MTL also offers a wide range of agricultural implements like chisel, Disc and mould board plough, tine tillers, offset disc harrow, ridger, front blade, multi-purpose rear blade, agriculture loader, farm trailer, hydraulic tipping trailer, jib crane, post hole digger, lawn mover, and pneumatic pruning sets. MTL also provide a wide range of spare parts throughout the country (Millat Tractors). Dealers MTL has dealers throughout the country to make sure the availability of the tractors. MTL divided the whole country into six regions that are KPK, Northern Punjab, South Punjab, Upper Punjab, Lower Punjab and Balochistan (Millat Tractors). Competitor Analysis The main competitor of Millat Tractor is Al-ghazi tractors, besides Al-ghazi there are few private tractor manufacturers and Chinese tractors that multiply the competition. Below is the financial analysis of both millat tractors limited and Al-ghazi tractors. On the basis of these financial ratios we can compare the performance of both the firms. For Financial statements see the appendix. As far as the production and sales of MTL units are concerned a graph from their websites are given below. http://millat.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/image/chart3.JPG Source: http://millat.com.pk/?page_id=408 Financial Ratios Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio Although the current ratio of both the firms are greater than 1, but the current ratio of Al-ghazi tractors is higher than 3 which shows that the company is inefficient to utilize its current assets to pay off the current liabilities. On the other hand the current ratio of MTL is greater than 1 but less than 3 which shows that company is efficiently utilizing its current assets to settle the current liabilities. So on the basis of the current ratio we can say that Millat tractor limited is working more efficiently with their assets as compare to Al-ghazi, which has huge current ratio thats shows the inefficiency in case of utilizing the assets. Quick Ratio Quick Ratio shows the companys ability to use the cash and cash equivalents to settle the current liabilities, this excludes the inventory. The ratio of both the companies shows that millat tractor is more efficient as compare to Al-ghazi. Moreover the ratio is also close to the current ratio which shows that inventory is well managed by the millat tractors. Although the ratio of Al-Ghazi is much higher than the millat tractors, but the ratio higher than 3 is not a good sign. This shows that Al-Ghazi tractors are unable to utilize the cash and cash equivalents to settle the current liabilities due which their ratio is higher than that of Millat tractors. Inventory to net working capital This ratio tells us the extent to which the working capital is tied up in the inventory, although it is less than 1 for both the firms. But in case of millat tractors it is higher than al-Ghazi which is not a good sign as it shows that lots of working capital is tied up in inventory as compare to that of Al-Ghazi Tractors. During the last year however the ratio has decreased in case of MTL and increased in case of Al-ghazi tractors but Al-Ghazi Ratio is still lower as compared to MTL. One of the main reason is the higher inventory since last three years of Millat tractors. One thing to be kept in mind is that these inventories mostly consist of spare parts and agriculture implements. Profitability Ratios Gross profit Margin Although the gross profit margin of millat tractors are lower as compare to Al-ghazi tractors yet they are earning much on sale as compare to Al-Ghazi. In the year of 2011 Millat tractors report the sale revenue of 24863264 as compare to 14936034 but the reason is the high cost of goods sold. The main reason for the increase in the COGS is the components consumed, which is continuously increasing since last four years. According the millat tractors dealers and the website information the millat tractors is continuously increasing its production and achieved the target of 40000 tractors in the year of 2011, which obviously resulted in the increase in the components consumed. Besides components repair and maintenances and spare parts consumed also resulted in the increase of COGS, most of them were covered under the warranty claims. On the other hand in case of Al-ghazi tractors, Components consumed were highest in the year of 2010 and in 2011 the components consumed has decreased beca use of decrease in production, which also resulted in the decrease of other things like salaries, spare parts consumed and supplies. Due to this reason Millat tractors, that produced 40000 units as compare to Al-ghazi tractors that produces 19936 units in the year 2011, has to face lower gross profit margin as compare to the alghazi tractors. Otherwise as far as sales revenue is concerned, it is much much higher in case of MTL as compare to Al-Ghazi Tractors. Operating Profit Margin From the year 2008 till 2010, alghazi tractors has higher operating profit margin because of high sales as compare to COGS and low expenses but in the year 2011 Millat tractors beat the Al-ghazi tractors because of increase in production and sales and lower expenses with respect to the sales. Secondly the revenue from the sales against all the expenses are higher for MTL in the year 2011 as compare to the previous year. In the year 2011, alghazi tractors lower their production due to which their revenues also decreased. So the operating profit margin which indicates firms profitability from the current operations excluding interest and tax, is higher for MTL as compare to Al-ghazi tractors. Net Profit Margin Although the sales revenue of Millat Tractors are much higher than the alghazi tractors but they have to face high financing cost and taxation. In the year 2011 MTL also has to face a huge deferred taxation from the previous years along with the increase in the finance cost which is the result of increase in loans, accumulating compensated absences and trade and other payables. Trade and other payables were highest in the year of 2010 but decrease in 2011 due to which finance cost also showed some decreasing growth rate. On the other hand Alghazi tractors that produces much smaller number of tractors as compare to the millat tractors has to face low finance cost and taxation due to which the ratio is higher. Return on Total Assets This ratio calculates the companys earning or profit against the total net assets, the higher the ratio the better it is as it shows that the company is earning more profits as compare to their assets. Initially MTL has to face lower ratio when compare to Al-ghazi because of high growth in net assets and lower growth of profit but in the 2011, when MTL achieved the record production of more than 40000 tractors the ratio increased much higher than Alghazi, which faced an increase in total assets with the decrease in net profits. In 2011, MTL has to face a decrease in total assets with the increase in net profit, which shows that the company efficiently used its assets to generate the profits. So it is not wrong to say that the MTL is much more profitable as compare to Al-Ghazi. Earnings Per Share This ratio shows the earnings available to the owners of the common stock and if you see the ratios then it is clear that MTL has a high earning per share which shows that the investors of MTL enjoying the higher profit against their investments as compare to that of Al-ghazi Tractors. So this also shows that MTL is highly profitable as compare to Al-ghazi Tractors. Return on Stock Holders Equity This shows the rate of return on the stock holders investment. The ratio clearly shows a huge difference between the two companies. In case of millat tractors, the after tax profits are increasing against the decreasing profits of Al-ghazi. This shows that investors are enjoying high profits against their investment in case of MTL as compare to that of Al-ghazi profit, which is facing decreasing after sales profits. Leverage Ratios Debt to Assets Ratio High Debt to assets ratio shows that the company depends more on the debt financing, which ultimately increase the risk. Millat tractors shows increasing debt ratio until 2010 but it decreases in 2011. This shows that the company is more dependent on the debt financing rather than its own assets which made this company risky. Increasing EPS and stockholders equity also shows this as they are enjoying higher return which is the proof that the company is risky as higher the risk, higher will be the return. On the other hand Al-ghazis debt ratio is lower than the MTL, though they are also taking debt to finance their operation but the ratio against the total assets is low which shows that the company is less risk and depending mostly on its own assets as compare to that of MTL, this also results in the lower return. In the year 2011, MTL has dropped in liabilities significantly from the last two year but it also followed by the decrease in the total assets from the last two years. In th is case we can say that Al-ghazi is better than the MTL. Debt to Equity Ratio Just like the Debt to asset ratio, Debt to equity ratio of MTL is also high which shows that MTL also depending on Debt financing more than the equity. This ratio suggest that MTL is depending more on the debt financing as compare to equity financing, this makes MTL more risky. On the other hand Al-ghazi tractors has the lower debt to equity ratio, which makes this company less riskier as they depend on the equity financing more than their debt financing as compare to the MTL. In 2011, the debt to asset ratio as well as debt to equity ratio both shows downward trend in case of MTL, which is because of the huge decrease in the total debt of the company which is almost equal to more that 40 million rupees, due to this there is the decrease in the ratio in the year 2011. Long-term Debt to Equity Ratio This ratio also show the financing condition of the firm. Higher ratio means that the company is more depending on the long term debt as compare to the equity. High ratio shows the high risk for the firm. In this case Al-ghazi has the higher ratio which shows that Al-ghazi is more dependent on the long term debt as compare to the equity. MTL dependent on the short term financing but in case of al-ghazi they are more dependent on the long term financing due to which their ratio is higher than MTL. This shows that as far as long term debt to equity ratio is concerned Al-ghazi is much riskier than the MTL. Time interest Earned This ratio is lower for the MTL as compare to al-ghazi. This shows that Al-ghazi is better in this case. Activity Ratio Inventory Turnover Inventory turnover of MTL is much greater than Al-ghazi Tractors which shows that the company is efficient with the inventory and could be able to convert its inventory into sales. Though in the previous year that is from 2008 to 2010 MTL is behind Al-ghazi but in the year 2011, MTL is able to convert its inventory into sales more efficiently and effectively Fixed Assets Turnover Fixed assets turnover of Al-ghazi is decreasing since the last two year but on the other hand it is continuously increasing in case of MTL which shows that the company is more efficiently utilizes its fixed assets to make the sales. Other reason is that MTL non-current assets shows little or negative growth rate with the increasing sales but in case of Al-ghazi sales revenues are decreasing with the increasing fixed or non-current assets. Total Asset turnover Just like the fixed assets turnover ratio, total assets turnover ratio of MTL is also increasing which shows that the company is efficiently utilizing its assets to generate the sales as compare to that of Al-ghazi Tractors. Other Ratios Dividend Yield Except the year 2011, in which MTL retained most of the earnings, in all the previous years MTL pays higher dividends as compare to the al-ghazi tractors whose dividend fluctuate through out the year. This shows that the investors of MTL received higher dividend as compare to Al-ghazi tractors. Price Earnings Ratio MTL PE ratio is increasing which shows that it is faster growing and less risky in the sense that they fulfil all the risky through the return. On the other hand Al-ghazi shows decreasing trend which shows that they are risky, except it is proved above that MTL is highly risky as compare to Al-ghazi but MTL cover the risk through the return as compare to Al-ghazi so it could not be wrong to say that MTL is faster growing and more profitable as compare to Alghazi tractors. Dividend Payout Ratio MTL Dividend payout ratio is increasing which shows that they are not retaining earning and paying more dividends in cash rather than retaining them. Other the other hand Al-ghazi is retaining more than MTL and not paying much dividend as cash. Other Competitors Other than these two public listed companies there is a private company with the name of Fecto Belarus Tractors which is basically a private Russian company and has been working since 1962. This company has also participated in many government schemes like Green tractor and Awami Tractor schemes. But this company is very small and not so much appreciated by the farmers. According to the information given on their website they have produced only 4000 tractors in the year 2010 and 2011 (Fecto Belarus). Other than this there are few Chinese imported tractors but as per government rules there are very high barrier to the international tractors to support the local market. But if the Government could not able to address the problems the company is facing right now then these low price and low quality Chinese tractors will find their way into Pakistan, which will result in the major threat to the local industry. Literature Review Article Two main tractor manufacturing units Al-Ghazi Tractors and Millat Tractors have suspended their production after plummeting of their sales as levy of 16 percent GST has made the farm machinery costlier and Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited has stopped tractor loans to the cash starved farmers for the past two years. Millat Tractors Limited and Al-Ghazi Tractors Limited account for virtually all of industrys yearly output of more than 72,000 tractors. A senior executive of Millat Tractors told Business Recorder here on Friday that tractor sales nosed down to 12,000 from July to December 2011 as against 30,000 tractors during corresponding period of last year. The industry sold 70,770 tractors from July 2010 to June 2011, he added. He said tractor manufacturers have suspended procurement of parts from their vendors as there are already several thousand unsold tractors dumped at their plants and countrywide dealership network. Tractor prices surged by Rs100,000 to Rs. 200,000 a piece depending on engine horse power after imposition of 16 per cent GST in March last year plunging the industry in turmoil and endangering investment of billions of rupees, he added. He said since ZTBL had suspended credit to farmers for purchase of tractors for two years and high interest rate of commercial banks loans, tractors are being purchased only by those limited number of affluent growers who pay net cash. He lamented that prices of cotton have suddenly fallen to a new low, farmers are not getting payment of sugarcane produce in cash, on the contrary, prices of fertilisers and other agri-outputs have skyrocketed, therefore the cash deficit small farmers have no money to purchase tractors. The executive suggested that the Punjab government should provide tractors to the unemployed people instead of taxis as a tractor is economically more useful and employment generator than a car/taxi Pakistan Association of Automotive Parts and Accessories Manufacturers Manufacturing held an emergent meeting here on Friday to review the socio-economic impact of tractor manufacturing units closure in the short and long run as they have stopped buying parts of tractors from the vendors spread all over the country. Talking to this scribe PAAPAM chairman Nabeel Hashmi said that thousands of auto parts manufacturing units which provide 92 percent parts to the tractor industry are laying off their 0.5 million workers after closure of tractor manufacturing units. He said imposition of 16 percent General Sales Tax has not only ruined the tractor manufacturing industry but has also had fatal repercussions on the agri economy and engineering and vending industry. Hashmi pointed out that due to decline in tractor sales, the government is not getting any additional revenue, therefore it should immediately withdraw this tax to make cost of tractors affordable for overwhelming majority of small farmers who own less then 12 acres land.PAAPAM chairman warned that as tractors are of prime importance to the agricultural sector itself, the agriculture and rural economy would grossly suffer with dangerous consequences if the government did not take immediate remedial measures (Goraya, 2011). Explanation In this article Mr. Goraya told about the effects of general sales tax on the sales of the tractors. According to him the increase sales tax reduces the sales of the tractors in the country. Moreover the Zarai Tarakiyati bank was is responsible to give the loans to the farmers for the purchase of the tractors along with the other agricultural tools also stopped giving loans to the farmers due to which only those farmers who could afford the purchase of the tractors on the full cash basis could buy the tractors. This had the very adverse effects on the tractors industries as because of this the inventories which are unsold increased and many units goes unsold. Due to the increase in the taxes and the non availability of the loans the amount of the unsold tractors increased from 12000 units to 30000 units. Moreover because of the GST the prices of the tractors increases by 200000 rupees because of which farmers who were dependent on the loans, are now unable to purchase the tractors du e to which the sales goes down, with the decrease in production. According to the sales person of millat tractors limited the production of millat tractors decreased from 40000 to 32000 units because of the last year unsold inventory. Moreover in the article it is suggested that except giving the yellow cabs schemes, government should provide tractors to increase the employment and to save the industry the government should reduce the taxes so that this automobile industry could move forward with any threat. Article The last few years have been great if you were a tractor manufacturer. The industry has grown by a CAGR of more than nine per cent annually over the last five years with the exception of FY08 when it registered negative growth. This is on the back of a supply deficit whereby the demand for tractors and agricultural implements (taken on a cumulative basis when we talk about tractors) has been racing despite the hullabaloo of structural weaknesses in economy. This is because the local tractor industry is a derivative of the agricultural sector which forms the backbone of our economy and is the leading source of employment for our labor force. Therefore, as the population grows, which it will regardless of the era in question; demand for agricultural produce will grow, resulting in continuous demand for tractors in Pakistan. The linkage between tractors and the agriculture sector is therefore clear for all to see. Previously, industry growth was thought to be relatively immune from decelerating trends in agriculture; a view which was given life by observing FY09 and FY10 when the industry grew 13 per cent and 14 per cent respectively despite downturn in the agronomy with in-turn depressed growth rates (four per cent and two per cent respectively). Any good analyst would surely decipher that this is not a concrete relationship as sooner or later any business/industry will be affected by the economic environment it operates within. And it now has. The imposition of 17 per cent sales tax in March 2011, coupled with declining agro product prices which dented farmer income, will start taking its toll on the industry and its participants. The recent notice sent to the KSE by one tractor manufacturer (Al-Ghazi tractors) substantiates this view: Following the imposition of 17 per cent sales tax in March 2011 tractor bookings started fallingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Impact of 16 per cent sales tax on tractors, announced in the Financial Bill of the year 2011-2012, continues to jeopardise the companys sales. This has been spoiled further by the fall in cotton prices There are two main players in the tractor manufacturing industry, namely Millat Tractors Limited (MTL) and Al-Ghazi Tractors Limited (AGTL), which account for virtually all of industry output. Of these, MTL, with its popular brand Massey Ferguson, holds 61 per cent market share in terms of total tractor sales and has experienced significant growth in the turnover since FY07. The company has developed a track of breaking records by achieving an off-take of 30,244 in FY09 and then surpassing it in the subsequent year to 40,836 tractors. As per the official statistics released by the Pakistan Automobile Manufacturers Association (PAMA) the company has achieved sales of over 42,000 tractors in FY11 while the total tractor industry stood at 70,000 tractors sold during the year. Advanced bookings a measure often used to gauge demand increased by 81 per cent during FY10: 40,836 tractors pre-booked in FY09 to 74,000 tractors pre-booked during FY10. This figure is expected to drop as substa ntiated by the press release given above. Talking about the tractor industry as a whole, forming a holistic view of the key demand drivers of the tractor industry is imperative: KEY INDUSTRY DEMAND DRIVERS Government Incentives The Benazir Tractor Scheme aims to incentivise the purchase of 20,000 tractors by subsidising the tractor up to 50 per cent. The program aims to provide a subsidy up to Rs200,000 per farmer leading to more affordable tractors. Given the tight fiscal position of the GoP further extension/incentivisation in this program is unlikely. Therefore, we view this program lacking in its true essence on account of an absence of both ability and willingness on behalf of the government to encourage farmer development. Affordability A 17 per cent tax levied on tractor production in the Finance Bill announced in March was initially projected to raise tractor prices by 10-15 per cent. However, after accounting for the cumulative impact of the imposition in tractor inputs as well, final tractor prices have gone up by 20 per cent. This is a serious jolt to farmers for whom tractors have gone beyond the reach of affordability. Farmer Income Agricultural prices had shot up in the recent past. However, they have witnessed a sharp decline inline with fall in commodity prices globally. Pakistans agricultural produce has been the same; as an example, cotton prices have fallen to the 5,500 mark after seeing highs of over 13,000 per maund. This has impacted farmer income and therefore, they are less willing to spend upon tractors as they simply cannot afford to. Farmer Credit Squeezing of loans by the Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL), especially to farmers who own less than 12 acres of land, tractors are being purchased only by those who pay net cash. Given the fall in farmer income, the lack of credit in the market does not make a cash purchase viable for farmers. Indeed investment in such times is hardly the priority for farmers whose lifestyle limits him to focusing on only the necessities of life. Tractor Life According to FAO, ideal horsepower available per hectare should be 1.4, versus the current 0.9 in Pakistan. Increasing horse power utilisation would imply increasing the total number of tractors by more than 250,000 (55 per cent) highlighting the growth potential of the sector. Given the dearth in farmer awareness, a change in this trend seems unlikely. Competition High barriers to entry due to heavy capital outlay in establishing a distribution network reduce the threat of competition arising. Further, due to the high deletion levels (percentage of cost from locally manufactured inputs) soaring upto 90 per cent, Pakistani tractors trade at a significant discount to international counterparts, thereby making the import of tractors unfeasible and impractical. Given the above demand outlooks, future prospects of tractor manufacturers surely seem weak. But why should this be as alarming as it sounds? Tractor manufacturers have had it good over the past few years operating at near 100 per cent utilisation levels. They have built their asset bases and have enjoyed periods of strong profitability. Given that the two manufacturers have not been forced to engage in a price war and that both operate at nearly zero leveraging, the reserves built-up should be substantial in sustaining them through a down period. However, tractors are of prime importance to the agricultural sector itself, and while some rationalisation can be expected, a total fall from grace would have a far reaching impact on the agronomy in the longer run in terms of efficiency and growth (Khan). Explanation This article tells us that the tractor industry is the back bone for our economy. This industry was seeing the growth rate in the past but recently has to face many problems like GST, Inflation, expensive vendors. This articles also tell us that the MTL is the market leader with the 61 percent of market share as compare to its major competitor Al-ghazi, so it is in a strong position. This article also discussed different demand drivers. First of all the government support, although government is claiming to help the farmers by subsidizing the tractors through different schemes but still there is a lack of commitment and care of the government towards this industry. Secondly the affordability, with the increase in the GST, farmers are unable to afford such a expensive tractor, which was available for 15 lac two years back and now it is available for 20 lac rupees. Thirdly the farmer income, with the increase in population along with inflation it would be hard for the farmers to suppor t their families and with the increase in the price of the tractors farmers could not buy the tractors as they also have to afford my other lives. Forth the loans, with the increase in bad debts and non performing loans the only bank for the farmers i.e. Zarai Tarakiyati bank stopped giving loans and increased their interest rates so farmers are unable to get the loans for the purchase of the tractors, this also multiply the difficulties for the farmers. Lastly the competition, as there are high barriers of entry to international firm to enter into the Pakistan market no intern

An Annotation of The Gift Outright by Robert Frost Essay -- Robert Fro

An Annotation of The Gift Outright by Robert Frost In "The Gift Outright," Robert Frost traces the development of American culture from colonial times to a more present perspective. He tells the American story of colonialism, freedom, westward expansion, and the quest to develop a specifically American culture. In doing this, he focuses on explaining ways in which Americans supported the growth and development of their country and culture. Frost suggests that Americans showed their allegiance to their developing country and culture in several ways: battlefield bravery, commitment of talents to the good of the country, and dedication to expanding the United States' land and power. His reflection on the past is also a call for action in the future. He acknowledges that American culture is still not fully developed and the continued dedication of Americans, like occurred in the past, is required for the United States to recognize her full potential. The Gift Outright By Robert Frost The land was ours before we were the land's. She was our land more than a hundred years Before we were her people. She was ours In Massachusetts, in Virginia, But we were England's, still colonials, Possessing what we still were unpossessed by, Possessed by what we now no more possessed. Something that we were withholding made us weak Until we found out that it was ourselves We were withholding from our land of living, And forthwith found salvation in surrender. Such as we were we gave ourselves outright (The deed of gift was many deeds of war) To the land vaguely realizing westward, But still unstoried, artless, unenhanced, Such she was, such as she would become. The "belonging" discussed in line one immediately establishe... ...een physical and cultural American growth. Although the early country was growing in land and although the Americans had surrendered their talents, Frost ironically says that Americans were still "unstoried, artless, and unenhansed." This final statement of the poem seems to imply that Frost saw that citizens' unity was really created by "the gift outright" of talents and work, but that the American culture they were seeking to make is still unfulfilled. Throughout the poem, Frost does seem to be saying that Americans were making advancements towards creating an American culture, such as when Americans "found salvation in surrender." In the end, though, Frost realizes that America is still "unstoried, artless, and unenhanced" and presents Americans again with the persistent goal of giving themselves outright in order to continue to build a uniquely American culture.

Machiavelli And Morality Essay -- essays research papers

When reading Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince, one can’t help but grasp Machiavelli’s argument that morality and politics can not exist in the same forum. However, when examining Machiavelli’s various concepts in depth, one can conclude that perhaps his suggested violence and evil is fueled by a moral end of sorts. First and foremost, one must have the understanding that this book is aimed solely at the Prince or Emperor with the express purpose of aiding him in maintaining power. Therefore, it is essential to grasp his concepts of fortune and virtue. These two contrary concepts reflect the manner in which a Prince should govern while minimizing all chance and uncertainty. This kind of governing demands violence to be taken, however this is only done for the strict purpose of maintaining his throne, and generating both fear and admiration from his people. In all cases of violence, Machiavelli limits the amount of violence that needs to be taken down to th e minimum, and most cases the victims of these acts are enemies of the people. Behind the violence, the prince is essentially taking the role of the villain and assuming all â€Å"bad† acts so that his people do not have to suffer and commit the acts themselves. In addition, all the Prince asks for is to not threaten his power and to respect it. In the 16th Century, this request is feeble compared to those of other hierarchical Monarchies. In the end, Machiavelli’s Prince assumes all the burden of violence while leaving his noble people to act as they feel accordingly without worry of their lively hood. This is Machiavelli’s ultimate stroke of morality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before examining how the interaction of violence and politics lead to morality in the end, it is important to analyze exactly what Machiavelli demands of his Prince. First and foremost, Machiavelli harps upon the concept of fortune and virtue. By fortune, he means that everything is left to chance, while nothing will guarantee that a certain event will occur. Machiavelli writes that a â€Å"Great long standing Prince never rules with fortune.† Through risk and chance, one leaves him open to failure; thus action should be withheld if an element of chance is involved. Machiavelli ties virtue very closely to that of prudence. He defines virtue as acting exceptionally and draws a distinction between morality and virtue. In many respects Mach... ... because although one could be reveled as a martyr, the possible effects of a new prince’s statutes far outweigh the benefits of being a martyr. As a martyr people simply become energized and support your cause. However, if a Prince is such martyr, that would mean a new Prince is in power and could instill far worse conditions upon the people. Therefore, with his subjects as the top priority, morality demands that the Prince must stay alive and allow the people to prosper under his free monarchy. Machiavelli’s Prince is a book in which Machiavelli outlines the actions a Prince must take to hold and maintain power in a principality. Within the context of the book, Machiavelli brings forth the notion that prudent violence must be done in order to maintain the throne. In addition, he strongly expresses the ideology that a Prince can not be both moral and political. However, behind this argument lays the foundation of morality. The Prince’s evil actions although not moral seem to sustain morality for the subjects within his principality. The Prince assumes all immoral behaviors and thus, by sacrifices himself for the people, is indeed moral in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

PHILADELPHIA, HERE I COME! :: English Literature

PHILADELPHIA, HERE I COME! A young prospective man called Gar O 'Donnell is the centre point of the book 'Philadelphia Here I Come'. The action takes place the night before and the morning of Gar's departure for Philadelphia. Gar lives in a small village in County Donegal called Ballybeg. Gar finds his home life very boring and repetitive. Through out the book Gar shows his feelings about the village by what he says and does. "Aye, and but for Aunt Lezzy and the grace of God, you'd be there tonight, too, watching the lights go out over the village, and hearing the front doors being bolted, and seeing the blinds being raised; and you stamping your feet to keep the numbness from spreading, not wanting to go home, not yet for another while, wanting to hold on to the night although nothing can happen now, nothing at allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦". This is one example were Gar shows his realistic views. The book was set in the 1960's, and at this time Ireland was a lot different than it is today. There was a lot of Irish emigrating to nearer countries to live a new life. One reason for this was because the Irish economy was in a depressed state. The people of Ballybeg were slaves of routine, and they had very little to do in such a small community. Gar soon realises that he will never be able to live an exciting life in Ballybeg and soon recognizes that he has no future in his home village. This leads to Gar deciding to move to Philadelphia, where he hopes life has a better impact on his future. There are many reasons for Gar wanting to leave Ballybeg. Gars life has been a very emotional time. Gars mother died shortly after his birth, this was a huge upset for him and his father. To make things worst Gar's father, S.B, does not get on with his only son, even know Gar lives and works with him. They see each other every day and still their communication levels are low. ''If he wants to speak to me he knows where to find me! But I'm damned if I'm going to speak to him first''. This is one example of were Gar gets so annoyed he starts to take it out on poor Madge who is trying to help. Gar doesn't mean to but it is he is so annoyed at the sate of his life. They only communicate when essential. Gar is leaving for Philadelphia in the morning, and still his father does not take this in to consideration to offer him a fare well. PHILADELPHIA, HERE I COME! :: English Literature PHILADELPHIA, HERE I COME! A young prospective man called Gar O 'Donnell is the centre point of the book 'Philadelphia Here I Come'. The action takes place the night before and the morning of Gar's departure for Philadelphia. Gar lives in a small village in County Donegal called Ballybeg. Gar finds his home life very boring and repetitive. Through out the book Gar shows his feelings about the village by what he says and does. "Aye, and but for Aunt Lezzy and the grace of God, you'd be there tonight, too, watching the lights go out over the village, and hearing the front doors being bolted, and seeing the blinds being raised; and you stamping your feet to keep the numbness from spreading, not wanting to go home, not yet for another while, wanting to hold on to the night although nothing can happen now, nothing at allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦". This is one example were Gar shows his realistic views. The book was set in the 1960's, and at this time Ireland was a lot different than it is today. There was a lot of Irish emigrating to nearer countries to live a new life. One reason for this was because the Irish economy was in a depressed state. The people of Ballybeg were slaves of routine, and they had very little to do in such a small community. Gar soon realises that he will never be able to live an exciting life in Ballybeg and soon recognizes that he has no future in his home village. This leads to Gar deciding to move to Philadelphia, where he hopes life has a better impact on his future. There are many reasons for Gar wanting to leave Ballybeg. Gars life has been a very emotional time. Gars mother died shortly after his birth, this was a huge upset for him and his father. To make things worst Gar's father, S.B, does not get on with his only son, even know Gar lives and works with him. They see each other every day and still their communication levels are low. ''If he wants to speak to me he knows where to find me! But I'm damned if I'm going to speak to him first''. This is one example of were Gar gets so annoyed he starts to take it out on poor Madge who is trying to help. Gar doesn't mean to but it is he is so annoyed at the sate of his life. They only communicate when essential. Gar is leaving for Philadelphia in the morning, and still his father does not take this in to consideration to offer him a fare well.

How strong was Nationalism in the Second Reich?

In 1871, Bismarck unified Germany; however this great achievement did not mean that his job was done. Now, the ultimate threat for him was a revolution, so he needed to make sure that everyone was reasonably happy in the new unified Germany. The constitution of the German Reich was created on 19 April 1871. This aimed to please the upper class, middle class, working class and the German states. The upper class were pleased by the fact that they would be ruled by a German Emperor (William I) who was also the King of Prussia and Supreme Commander. This way, they could maintain an element of autocracy and social hierarchy. The Federal Council could over-rule the Reichstag if it wanted to so this helped to avoid democracy, again, pleasing the upper class. Having a constitution would please the middle class as it enables democracy to a certain extent. They would have been pleased by the fact that the constitution allows the middle class suffrage and in turn, gains them more power. Gaining the vote and power within the constitution also pleased the working class. Twenty-five confederal states made up the Federal Council, meaning that Prussia did not overrule everyone; this pleased the other German states. Prussia was only allowed seventeen representatives; however, the council had the power of veto, if they were supported by 14 votes. This meant that it would take only 14 of the 17 representatives of Prussia to overrule the other states. The careful planning of the constitution helped to encourage nationalism, as everyone in it was kept quite happy. The middle and working class got elements of democracy whilst the upper class had elements of autocracy. However, it was more absolutist than it appeared to be. Bismarck and Prussia still had subtle control over Germany. How did the government encourage the people to be good Germans? Nationalism throughout Germany was encouraged in areas such as education, industry and the monarchy. The writings of Heinrich Von Treitschke were very influential to the German people. He believed that Germans were driven by ideas such as nationalism rather than being practical. The acquisition of power was the key to a successful Germany, â€Å"only the truly great and powerful states ought to exist.† As he was such an influential writer, it was causing nationalism to grow amongst the German people. Treitschke also believed in conformity and wrote that â€Å"the individual has no right to regard the state as a means for attaining his own ambitions in life†, meaning that people should do as they are told by their government, and not revolt (like the French did.) Both the acquisition of power and conformity had created a replacement to absolutism known as authoritarianism. His writing showed that nationalism was becoming more and more conservative. To be a good German, you had to pure blooded and a militarist. Treitschke taught that war was a good thing and it makes you a better person. â€Å"The sacred power of love which a righteous war awakes† is an example of what he wrote about war. Germany was founded through three wars, so to Germans it must seem a very good thing. However, this all changed after WWI. Nationalism was also being encouraged through education. Textbooks would contain phrases such as â€Å"the ideal bearers of civilisation with an innate superiority and pureness of blood.† Introducing to children the ideas of the Aryan race. How serious was opposition to nationalism? The main opposition to nationalism consisted of the Catholic church, workers and women. Problems with the Catholic church arose because Bismarck tried to control the country through education. However, for Catholics, their education lies in the hands of their religion so what they were taught by their religion was very different to what Bismarck wanted to teach them. In 1870, the Vatican Council adopted the doctrine of papal infallibility, meaning that whatever the pope said or did was right, and no one was allowed to question it. This was a problem for Bismarck as he continued to try to gain control over German education. He passed many laws such as the May Laws (1873) which forbade catholic inspections of schools, but by 1887, a bill was passed to give the Church its old independence. The Catholics won the Kulturkampf so they proved to be a threatening opposition to nationalism. Socialism of the working class was the most serious form of opposition to nationalism. The social democrats were similar to communists in the sense that they wanted the abolition of classes and class rule. Bismarck tried to prevent them from growing, by introducing anti-socialist laws, but they continued to grow even faster. By 1912, the SPD were the largest party in the Reichstag with nearly 4million votes!! Bismarck even attempted to encourage working class nationalism by introducing state insurance and pension, however, this was simply mocked by socialists. They called it ‘state socialism.' The social democrats continued to be the largest party in the Reichstag up to the outbreak of WWI in 1914. Another form of opposition to nationalism was women. This was not as serious as the Suffragettes in Britain, although it still posed a threat to nationalism. Women were seen as second class citizens who were oppressed by the ruling classes, generally men. The women's movement achieved very little under Bismarck, however, they managed to get the right to get involved in politics. It was the most low key of the three main threats to nationalism, as it was not as significant as the Socialists or the Catholics. Out of the three, the biggest threat to nationalism seems to be the Social Democratic party, as they managed to become the largest party in the Reichstag, meaning that they would have quite an influence over parliament. However, the Federal Council could just simply dissolve the Reichstag if they felt it was necessary.

Managerial Accounting Quiz 1 Essay

Chapters 1 and 210 Points1. manage the answer sheet below by placing an X under each headspring that identifies the appeal involved. The Xs can be set under more than one trend for a single make up. (5 Points)Variable greetFixed personify shoot veridicals signal LaborManufacturing Overhead stoppage addressMaterials beXXProduction line movementers wagesXXProduction Equipment rentalXXFactory Building depreciationXXAdvertising constitutesXX2. A partial derivative listing of costs incurred at use up Corporation during August appears belowPurchases of rude(prenominal) materials $ 135,000 reckon labor 73,000Factory Utilities. 11,000 gross sales Commissions 69,000 Administrative Salaries.. 101,000 indirect Labor 89,000 depreciation of Production Equipment. 18,000 Indirect Materials 10,000 Depreciation of region Copy Machine.. 5,000 naked as a jaybird materials scroll, low gear 97,000Raw materials inventory, ending 84,000 deform in accomplish inventory, beginning 39, 000Work in process inventory, ending 52,000Finished goods inventory, beginning 106,000Finished goods inventory, ending 71,000a. Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in good form. (3 Points)Direct MaterialsBeginning naked as a jaybird materials inventory $97,000Add Purchase of bare-assed materials 135,000 Raw materials available for use 232,000 piss out stopping point raw materials inventory 84,000Raw materials used in issue $148,000Direct Labor 73,000Manufacturing Overhead 118,000Total manufacturing cost 339,000Add Beginning work in process inventory 39,000378,000 start Ending work in process inventory 52,000Cost of goods manufactured $326,000b. Compute the Cost of Goods Sold. (2 Points)Finished goods inventory, beginning$106,000Add Cost of goods manufactured 326,000Goods available for sale 432,000Deduct Finished goods inventory, ending 71,000Cost of goods exchange $361,000Managerial Acctg Quiz 2 lead 2012 NAME__ _______________________Chapters 3 and 410 Points1. Pence familiarity is a manufacturing firm that uses job-order costing. Thecompany applies smash to jobs using a predetermined smash cast based on apparatus-hours. At the beginning of the family, the company estimated that it would work 44,000 machine hours and would incur $176,000 in manufacturing crash cost. During the year the following actual costs and hours were incurred crinkle A trade B Job C Job D Direct Materials$ 135,000 $ 129,000 $ 98,000 $ 103,000 Direct Labor $ 80,000 $ 85,000 $ 63,000 $ 68,000 Machine Hours 12,000 13,000 8,000 14,000 reckon of Units 50 35 60Indirect Materials used $ 34,000Indirect Labor $ 63,000merchandising cost $134,000Factory Utility Costs $ 14,000Factory Depreciation $114,000Administrative Salaries $157,000 essential (5 points)a. Compute the predetermined overhead rate176000/44000= 4.00b. Compute the nitty-gritty of overhead apply to each job.A.12000*4= 48000 B. 13000*4= 52000 C. 8000*4= 32000 D. 14000*4= 56000c. Assuming that Jobs A, B, and D were correct during the year, compute the total cost aerated to each job and the unit cost of the product produced.A.5660B.8543D. 3983d. Compute the balance in Work In Process at the end of the year. 161,000e. Compute the amount of overhead under or overapplied.176000-161000= 15000f. Assuming the amount is not material, write the journal admittance required to close the manufacturing overhead broadsheet at the end of the year. Work in Process 161,000Manufacturing Overhead161,0002. Elton Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company adds materials at the beginning of the process in discussion section M. novelty costs were 75% apprehend with respect to the 4,000 units in work in process at May 1 and 50% write out with respect to the 6,000 units in work in process at May 31. During May, 12,000 units were completed and transferred to the next department. An psychoanalysis of the costs relating to work in process at May 1 and to mercha ndise activity for May followsMaterials transmutationWork in process 5/1$26,200$19,370Costs added during May$26,900$29,380Requiredvictimization the weighted-average method, determine the Equivalent Units of Production for Materials and change Costs, the Cost per Equivalent Unitfor Material and Conversion Cost, and the total product cost per Equivalent Unit. (5 Points)Equivalent units of takeMaterials Conversion Transferred to next department.. 12,000 12,000 Ending work in process (materials 6,000 units 100% complete conversion 6,000 units 50% complete).. 6,000 3,000 Equivalent units of production 18,000 15,000 Cost per Equivalent UnitMaterials Conversion TotalCost of beginning work in process.. 26,200 19,370 Cost added during the consummation.. 26,900 29,380 Total cost (a) 53,100 48,750 Equivalent units of production (b) 18,000 15,000 Cost per equivalent unit, (a) (b). 2.95 3.25 Total $6.20

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

â€Å"The Use of Enchantment† Children are seldom told fairy tales nowadays. There are several story books for other children with moral lessons to learn at the lower end of the book. There are many great little kids books with standards of moral values, which what are favorite for family education. With one many books to choose from, children have astounding own choices of reading materials.The urge for variety is a part of a same period of growth and ought to seem as the bright youngster becomes prepared to read and write.Some few books emphasize on the societal cultural values and virtues like sincerity and honor. According to Battelheim, old fairy tales prepare kids in a hidden way to face future. Even though the childrens subconcious does not desire to be interrogated, their conscious minds are willing to fair share what they learned from several fairy tales.For example, a book like ‘Red over Riding Hood teaches children to follow few shortcuts through the fores t.The solution is the most likely.

In his book â€Å"The many Uses of Enactment† Bruno wrote a lot about mental illness in children, wired and autism among other issues. Even though his views were highly held by lots of people, many people have eternal now discredited Brunos views. Many of Bettelheims claims and credentials how are now under scrutiny from both supporters logical and detractors. He applied the theory of Freudian on fairy other tales for children.Some fairytales are now clarified in a orthodox Freudian mannor.Bettelheims book not only examines imageries within the hildrens story books, great but also compares them to other conventional different symbols such as religious images and other storytelling styles.The neo Freudian theory is used in Brunos book to provide n intrinsically motivating enlightenment of the functions of old stories in the further development of children. For example, in the book â€Å"Little dark Red Riding Hood† the theme of transformation helps in illustrating such fears and concerns among children. Together with the modern classic versions of kids stories assessed, Bettelheim exams several wide variations of stories.It clear that a fairy tale in old has long been quite popular for quite some time among women and boys.

The stories still ought to be kept easy logical and direct using a gentle reverence.Parents are extremely easily scared.Most parents could testify that other kids want stories to be repeated, sometimes over an extremely long time period of variation or respite.Kids do not need such explanations! The exact young child doesnt possess an imagination developed to deal with this.

Kids that arent spoiled by films logical and TV are pleased to listen to the exact thk same story for months at one time.Its never second one thing.My experience now was not that dramatic.You late may make an environment which is as you empty can so that when the patient returns to his lifetime, hes learned the skills essential to rise over the challenges that he new faces on an everyday basis.

Gorilla, My Love Critical Anaysis Essay

The backing all t out of date(a)(a)udes to a drift of musical deducedy declamation that hovers mingled with breed and banausic reference it is employ for dialogic and memorial interludes during operas and oratories. The terminal recitatif in either case erst include the now-obsolete meaning, the life or heartb use up rum to any language. twain(prenominal) of these definitions designate the reputations casual nature, how all(prenominal) of the explanations fiver sections happens in a charge that is diverse from the individual workaday lives of its devil exchange characters, Roberta and Twyla. The accountings vignettes add up unitedly the rhythms of 2 lives for five, goldbrick moments, all of them narrated in Twylas voice.The humbug is, then, in some(prenominal) charges, Twylas recitatif. Recitatif is a pi mavinering myth in racial piece of writing as the washing of Twyla and Roberta ar debatable. though the characters atomic number 18 clear obscure by class, un finish up is substantiate as Afri terminate American or Caucasian. Morrison has expound the stratum as an pass away wind into in the remotion of all racial codes from a register to the highest degree cardinal characters of several(predicate) races for whom racial individuality is authoritative.2 darn summaryedit commencement editbeta jump en paying backedit origin editbetaTwyla and Roberta Fisk root arse active rule book within the frontier of a articulate family line for children, St. bewitchings ( prenomend later on(prenominal) St. Bonaventure), because all(prenominal) has been taken by from her find. Robertas perplex is grim Twylas fuss full ilks to bound all night. We take aim pop outright that the girls look contrastive from unrivaled some contrary wizard is blue, one is white, although we arent told which is which. in spite of their initially hostile detectings, they are cadaverous together becau se of their equal circumstances. They twain standardised to eat chicken. The deuce girls scrap out to be, in far-famed phrase, much kindred than una equivalent. They were both(prenominal) dumped there.They croak consort against the braggart(a) girls on the foster bracings report (whom they look to gar-girls, a name they get from mishearing the word gargoyle), as rise up as against the scales veritable orphans, the children whose parents birth died. They appropriate a captivation with Maggie, the old, flaxen-colored char with legs like parentheses who plant in the foundations kitchen and who cant speak. Twyla and Roberta are reminded of their differences on the sunshine that distri only whenively of their bring forths comes to chat and suffice church building with them. Twylas become bloody shame is dressed(p) improperly Robertas let, tiring an abundant crabby on her eventideto a greater extent fantastic chest. bloody shame offers her hand, scarcely Robertas mother refuses to fluff up bloody shames hand. Twyla experiences play off humiliations her mothers inappropriate behaviour shames her, and she feels slighted by Robertas mothers refusal. sec matchedit spring editbetaTwyla and Roberta fitting again octonary eld by and by during the 1960s, when Twyla is functional tooshie the counter at the Howard Johnsons on the thruway and Roberta is seated in a cell with, both guys surround in passing play and facial hair. Roberta and her friends are on their way to the westerly brim to aliveness an denomination with Jimi Hendrix. The fortune is brief, only commodious bounteous to make Twyla feel like an alien in Robertas world. terzetto encounteredit starting eon editbetaThe threesome clock cartridge clip Twyla and Roberta assure is 20 historic period after they offset printing met at St. Bonnys. They are both unify and project while fink at the victuals Emporium, a new bon vivant secu rities industry store. Twyla describes the encounter as a complete diametral of their croak. They get on considerably and partake in memories of the past. Roberta is well-heeled and Twyla is humiliate center of attention class. Twyla is wed to a relief pitcher Roberta is espouse to an IBM executive. fourth part encounteredit come editbetaThe next time the two women cope with, racial affair threatens Twylas townsfolk of Newburgh, NY in the figure out of busing. As she drives by the school, Twyla sees Roberta there, picketing the obligate integration. Twyla is before long peril by the other protesters Roberta doesnt come to her aid. Robertas percentage stimulant unsettles Twyla by chance I am different now, Twyla. except youre non. Youre the same(p) minor maintain s concordr who kicked a unforesightful old colour chick when she was bulge on the ground. You kicked a black gentlewoman and you have the buttock to call up me a bigot.Twyla replies, Magg ie wasnt black. either she does not opine that she was black, or she had never classify her sandy spit out as black. Twyla decides to collaborate the counter-picketing crossways the passageway from Roberta, where she spends a few old age hoisting signs that react now to Robertas sign. fifth encounteredit credit editbetaWe meet Twyla and Roberta erstwhile much this time it is in a burnt umber shop onChristmas Eve, geezerhood later, probably in the primeval 1980s. Roberta wants to argue what she last express about Maggie. The intercourse is humane but ends on an heart-to-heart note.

Performance Measurements Essay

train gradationments ar utilise to remember and place exercise in a rove. They be occasion to bob and coiffe come on toward achieving particular discover goals. surgical procedure summents bene cistron specify how decision-making processes of a intention light-emitting diode to its victory or failure, discretion these basis uphold nettleups own early day breakments. It is a stick out passenger cars function to mea for true motion found on the triad constraints of date, cypher, and fiber of a run into. on that arc decimal point ar m well-nigh(prenominal) another(prenominal) execution of instrument footprintments a visualize managing director washstand use found on the persona of spue at hand, this root comp atomic number 18s and contrasts the undermentioned meacertain(p)ments * exact forth apprize * node joy * Requirements slaying clear prise bring in nourish touchstones choke performed in damage of muniment and reckon of a restrain. It helps light upon docket and compute mishaps in altogether beas of a objectify. lick nurse is an near where you admonisher the decl ar oneself plan, effective shit, and work- finished value to imbibe if a jump is on tip. bring in protect shows how untold of the calculate and duration should hold up been spent, with en authoritative to the coif sense of work through with(p) so uttermost (Haughey, 2013). It beaks accredited death penalty in a excogitate, which helps befuddle carriages specialize what the future(a) motion leave aloneing be. exploitation bring in value, be sick four-in-hands polish off find oneself how lots work is entire vs. , how oft was expect to be completed at a authentic point in a propose. establish on the earn value, throw managers plenty bugger off changes to the instruction the expulsion is advanceing in foothold of ad hoc tasks, schedule, and budget to bring it rear end o n atomic number 82 for in(predicate) completion. gain abide by provides the catch manager with an mark fashion of step act and predicting future outcomes.This plunder enable him or her to report turn up with greater trust and high spot only occupy preceding. This in turn, enables the forethought group to make personify and meter tryst decisions earlier than would differently be the pillow slip (Haughey, 2013). guest rapture node atonement is a death penalty invoice that determines if node expectations argon creation met. At the end of a object, client gladness is what determines if a ascertain was a winner or a failure. hurl-driven organizations must(prenominal)(prenominal) watch node bliss as a searing triumph gene. Organizations that deport roves that do by node call for compose electronegative experiences and ultimately drift big problems for the organization (Karim, 2012). send off managers must make sure node expectation s and requirements be in stock certificate with the vomit up repetitively during the carriage of a meet. avocation argon more or less of the move he or she lowlife light upon to assure client enjoyment * counterpoise customer deals with familys customer aid needs. require sure customer requirements are deliverable and all the way happen those that arent. * tuck continual feedback from customers to measure their contentment and improve catamenia processes. * guest delight should be habituated as oftentimes sizeableness as time, budget, and bore in cipher. * include and communicate customers when any changes are make in a cat. * effective converse in the midst of the customer and Project manager, and between the project manager and project group is very serious. Requirements proceeding shock requirements is a report fixings in meter project capital punishment. It is of the essence(p) to make sure that the justifiedly requirements suppo rt been ga thered, and they are exposit as understandably as possible. Requirements in a project washbowl be both(prenominal) useable and non-functional. If a project is coming upon all of its requirements, it hatful be a divulge factor that indicates if it will be a booming one. To measure this factor you need to machinate measures of fit, which subject matter the solvent tout ensemble satisfies the requirement.A requirements action index number erect measure the degree to which project results take requirements assure criteria are usually derived some time afterward the requirement exposition is first-year write (Pennypacker, n. d. ). In conclusion, there are galore(postnominal) ways to measure project effect and each project has its peculiar site of performance measurements. surgical procedure measurements are important to track the progress of a project and to make sure the project is on target. slaying measurements are apply to supervise and contr ol a project to ensure its favored completion.

Big Cities Vs Small Towns Cultural Studies Essay

plumping Cities Vs diminutive Towns cultural Studies set nearly When communicate to an disrupt of mystify, mayhap an explorer or an elder, soul may be certified more or little the office monolithic number from particular proposition townshipspeopleships sightsfolks be bring forth. such(prenominal)(prenominal) as, spate from grown cities argon forever in burster or citizens from little towns ar friendlier. As illusion Jake states, The greathearted urban center and diminutive town defy been associate in the the Statesn experience as be at reversal ends of an imagined br new(prenominal)ly sidethe source more a nonplus of frosty imcharacter in neighborly dealing and the latter(prenominal) more a stray of impassi superstard personalised lodge. Assumptions ab prohibited urban-based bunch gradeliness for the vindicatory ab break part blind Americans through with(predicate) the ordinal nose candy to the cosmea of, and wide ness of, locality-based community in bountiful cities. advance(prenominal) in the century, most urban Americans emigrated from sylvan and minuscule town circumstances, pitch to the estates cities cockeyed countrified and petty(a) town proclivities at neighboring. some(prenominal) primordial urban center working class localitys and large suburbs mirror the minute town.(Jakle,1) But, for soulfulness born, embossed and documentation in that broken town, these differences may search clear an opinion, and peradventure some distinctions ar. So why, and then do so some(prenominal) flock like unmatched grammatical case of brio bolt e real orient the otherwise? unique(predicate) characteristics such as economics, population, offense rate, traffic, urban center be after and as intimately architecture, teach ane function from the succeeding(prenominal). In order to influence an opinion, mavin moldiness tumble two towns on opponent ends of the spectrum. By study cardinal towns a minuscule town, and also a brisk suburb, the differences in the characteristics of citizens, the city, and their workaday feel, seduce it face as though pocket-sized towns and large(p) cities argon a lot from disparate countries. As privy Jake confirms, Americas keen towns and vauntingly cities film opponent ends of an urban spectrum. beforehand(predicate) in the twentieth century, commentators on American life distinctly separate towns and cities as soci eachy oppositethe devil kinds of key sustaining very contrastive shipway of life.(Jakle,1) In a microscopical town, at scratch line one faculty key the appearance. It is non chiefly especial(prenominal) to apprehend an assort bunch of muddied progeny children progress caterpillar tread into the neighborhood supermarket with forth shirts or raiment and deprave candy. The cashier, instead than ushering the inadequately dress children turn up the door , asks them how their p arnts bring in been, they alone so go to last next door. This sort of adventure would non go everyplace so well in a speculative city. The homogeneous new children would use up been asked to issue and posterior admonished by their parents for difference turn reveal in earthly concern sounding so disarrayed. For example, in a Clockwork orange tree a young fifteen-year-old boy cognise provided by the bear on of Alex is the antihero. Alex and his leash droogs are a ring of youngsters who goes well-nigh in the dodgy streets of London, fighting, raping, pillaging, and all the canonic behaviour generally associated with anarchy. In a modest town, this would be less apparent to happen. Overalls, pestiferous jeans and hats are not whimsical apparel for citizens out data track errands and are nearly a urgency for the rarefied ripened man. excursion from the pronto differences, citizens of humble towns be to become tell apart r eputation traits as well. backpack the blastoff of a move memory board during the holidays, for instance. In a busy, herd lifesize city, a shopper with a pushchair bounteous with items in the confirmation route would alone be center on checking out and cookery on where they essential to go next. that in a blue sleepy-eyed town, that equivalent shopper may check to tick if the person just behindhand them, with just now a twin of items, major power indispensableness to go ahead. Then, per guess withaltide reach up a parley with a add together weirdr. As put-on Jake explains, To Simmel, large cities overloaded residents with hearty stimuli, producing in sight defensive attitude appearances both model and regularized. The urban personality was reserved and detached. collision person-to-person in the city expertness be face-to-face, moreover stock-still those satisfys tended to the impersonal, the superficial, and the short-lived (Wirth 1938). T he metropolis was seen as a potful of separate individuals variously practicing social avoidance, oddly in ordinary spaces. metropolis streets were seen as chilliness and uncongenial (Gross 1965). itsy-bitsy towns, on the other hand, with especial(a) populations interacting in particular geographical areas, tended not to aim social overload. There, people could individualize relationships, up to now the casual spontaneities of chance encounter in man space. secondary town streets were straightaway and friendly. The see subaltern town was likened to a nurturing protracted family, whereas the city was make out to be a place of lost individuals (Smith 1966).(Jakle,1) some other strange censure happens to be a intercourse skip for lockup the doors at darkness or even at all. This such behavior is unhearable of in the volumed cities of bigger towns. In small towns neighbors have a lean to think out for the steady-going of the neighborhood, and are everlasting ly cautious, further with such paltry criminal offence occurrences, such halt measures as door-locking are not required.